Pearlmillet Research Station
Junagadh Agricultural University
Jamnagar, Gujarat
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Year of Establishment : 1962
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Brief History of pearl millet improvement in Gujarat:
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Initially the work on pearl millet was stared as early as 1932 at Nadiad in Gujarat by erstwhile Bombay province with the exploitation of local material and work at Jamnagar was started by ex-Saurashtra state in 1952.
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The earlier work resulted in developing the open pollinated varieties in the year 1939 viz., N. 207 which yielded 20% more yield than local, N-28-15-2, L-11, Babapuri, etc. These types were quite distinct stable types, which were adopted by farmers. They had good grain qualities but were poor yielders.
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With the formation of the Saurashtra state in 1950, the improvement of Bajra was taken up at Junagadh, Amreli and Jamnagar and in the second five year plan (1956-57 to 1960-61), the research work on bajra was intensified at Talod and Deesa.
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In 1963, we got assistance from The Rockefeller Foundation by way of Germplasm male sterile American Bajri. This was the real beginning of the improvement of Bajra work not only in Gujarat state but India too and this is a turning point in the history of pearl millet improvement in India.
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The real work on pearl millet research in newly formed Gujarat state got momentum in third five year plan (1961-62 to 1965-66) with the establishment of Millet Specialist post in the year 1962 with main station at Jamnagar and four sub stations viz. Kothara(Kutch) presently with SDAU, Vijapur (Mehsana)presently with SDAU, Anand presently with AAU and Talaja(Bhavnagar) presently with JAU.
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All India Coordinated project on Millets Research was started in 1969-70.
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The heterosis breeding started from the year 1963 and as a result first hybrid HB-2 released in 1966. The HB-2 was quickly replaced by superior new hybrid HB-3 in 1968. This HB-3 had a superior grain quality, very high yielding, early maturing, good tillering and resistance to Downey mildew disease.
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HB-3 became very popular in pearl millet growing area of whole India. This hybrid has covered 66 % area of pearl millet in the year 1973 in Gujarat state.
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In the year 1975 hybrid GHB 1399 was identified highly resistant to Downey mildew and had all agronomical and other acceptable characters.
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In the second phase (1980 to 2000) and third phase (2001 to till date) number of hybrids for catering the need of farmers of India as well as Gujarat state. In third phase station has also release the biofortified hybrids having the high Fe and Zn contents in its grain.
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start of Jamnagar station, total 23 hybrids suited under varied agro climatic situation has been release.
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Introduction:
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Pearl millet in Gujarat is cultivated during three different season viz. kharif, semi-rabi(late kharif) and summer. The Jamnagar centre is the Main Millet Research Station in Gujarat state and scientists of various disciplines viz., Plant Breeding, Plant Pathology, Pl. physiology, Agronomy, seed technology and Agril. Entomology working collectively together on pearl millet for development of cultivars, NRM technologies, plant protection technologies and seed production technology.
Since the establishment of Pearl Millet Research Station at Jamnagar, a great headway had been made and as a result of research efforts in pearl millet crop, the average normal yield of farmers fields of 310 kg/ha (1961) has gone high up to 2280 kg/ha (2018-19). This has become largely possible because of development of pearl millet hybrids, its production as well as protection technologies and its adoption by farmers of Gujarat. The Jamnagar Station has been proved to be the most suitable selection for conducting the research in bajra crop, as under Jamnagar conditions, it is possible to raise the pearl millet in three different season in a year viz., Kharif, semi-rabi and summer. Thus helping in generation advancement breeder seed production under time isolation and testing the material in short time.
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Mandate :
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To identify and develop suitable parents and hybrids which are high yielder, pest and diseases resistance along with development of suitable and efficient production technology of pearl millet in respect of Crop Improvement, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Agronomy and Plant Physiology aspects.
Multidisciplinary work on pearl millet involving disciplines of Plant Breeding, Plant Pathology, Agronomy, Entomology, Plant Physiology and Seed Technology is in progress under the ICAR-AICRP as well as state funded project at Jamnagar. Besides, seed technological research on seed technology under the coordinated project and DUS project on castor are also operating at Jamnagar. Evaluation and testing of varieties/hybrids of oil seeds is also in progress under the state oil seed project. The objectives and research activities in concern to mandate of the station are as under:
1 Development and evaluation of early, medium duration, disease and pest resistant hybrids of pearl millet suitable for different agro-ecological zones of the country and Gujarat under different growing seasons.
2. Development and use of diversified downy mildew resistant restorer lines, cytosterile lines and maintainers with various CMS sources of pearl millet.
3. Development of appropriate seed production technology for newly released Pearl millet hybrid.
4. Collection and maintenance of Pearl millet germplasm.
5. Varietal characterization of castor, Sesame, pearl millet etc.
6. Research on improvement and evaluation of seed quality and seed production technology of seed crops.
7. Identification and assessment of environmental stress resistance/tolerance of pearl millet hybrids/parents.
8. Breeder seed production of parental lines of pearl millet.
9. To accomplish the agronomic practices and operations, fertilizer management, weed management, moisture conservation techniques, cropping system and cropping sequences of the rainfed/irrigated (summer/pre-rabi) pearl millet to improve and increase grain and fodder yield.
10.The mandate of plant protection aspects for Bajra crop are mainly on screening of different Bajra varieties against major insect pest and diseases. Development of resistant Bajra lines against major pest and diseases, management of major pest and diseases through chemical and other cultural control measures and monitoring and survey of major pests and diseases of Bajra crop including activity of store grain pests in storage.
11. Evaluation of newly developed varieties/hybrids of oilseeds (groundnut, castor, Sesame, mustard).
12.Trainings, FLDs on seed production and pearl millet hybrids.
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Thrust areas:
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1. To conduct location specific research on priority areas in arid, semi-arid zone vis-a-vis collection and utilization of genetic resources for development of high yielding hybrids with wide adaptability.
2. To identify early maturity high yielding disease, pest and bird resistant hybrids for different agro-ecological situations.
3. Diversification of male sterile lines to over come narrow genetic base of cultivated hybrids through development of downy mildew resistant CMS lines in A5 and A4 sources.
4. Production of parental breeder seeds as per state and national indents.
5. Screening of Pearl millet hybrids, parents and varieties for their resistance to various diseases viz., downy mildew, ergot, smut, rust and blast.
6. Control of diseases using plant products, bio agents and new fungicides.
7. Application of tissue cultures for in vitro selection of downy mildew resistance and for studying various patho types of Sclerospora graminicola.
8. Evaluation of newly developed hybrids for drought tolerance.
9. Testing of combining ability of male sterile and inbred lines for developing new bajra hybrids.
10. Research on fertilizer requirement of newly released hybrids, moisture conservation techniques etc.
11. Research on moisture conservation techniques for early maturing hybrids under rainfed condition.
12. Fertilizer requirement of different intercropping systems keeping Pearl millet as a main crop.
13. Development of IPM module for the control of ear head worms (Heliothis arrmigera)
14. Study on incidence of store grain pests infesting bajra grains.
15. Breeding for quality improvement in bajra.
16. Variety characterization, lab as well as field study for newly released and promising hybrids of pearl millet.
17. Studies on seed technology aspects viz., seed production and certification, seed physiology, storage and testing, seed health and seed entomology.
18. Application of biotechnology, tissue culture and protoplast techniques for development of inbred, Male sterile lines and the restorer lines which can be used for making high yielding, drought, salinity and disease resistant hybrids.
19. Breeding for dry fodder quality improvement in dual purpose hybrids of pearl millet.
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Research Activities :
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a) Plant Breeding and Crop Physiology :
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1.
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Development of high yielding/dual purpose pearl millet hybrids/varieties having stable performance, consumer attracting quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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2.
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Development of input responsive varieties/hybrids of pearl millet for non traditional cultivation.
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3.
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Development of superior hybrids compared to the prevailing ones with higher grain and fodder yields and resistant to pests and diseases.
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4.
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Identification of suitable hybrids for cultivation under adverse climatic conditions.
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5.
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Development of input responsive downy mildew resistant short or medium duration high yielding hybrids for summer and irrigated Kharif conditions.
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6.
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Diversification of various sources of CMS lines by developing new diverse and disease resistant CMS lines and B lines of A1, A4 and A5 sources.
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7.
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Development of diverse and pest / disease resistant R lines with high combining ability
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8.
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Research on appropriate seed production technology of newly developed hybrids/varieties.
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9.
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Identification of stable diagnostic characters for new bajra and castor hybrids
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10.
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Laboratory study for varietal characterization
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11.
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Survey of seed production Problems in seed plot of bajra and castor
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12.
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Determination of plating ratio for new bajra hybrid
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13.
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Identification and assessment of drought resistance and screening and multiplication evaluation for drought resistant entries.
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14.
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Partitioning patterns in pearl millet and study of stay green character and thermo tolerance are also underway.
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b) Resource Management :
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1.
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Development of refined production technology to harvest higher grain as well as fodder yield of best quality.
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2.
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To develop efficient production technologies of pearl millet based cropping system.
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3.
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Fertilizer requirement for new and advanced hybrids and population.
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4.
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Moisture conservation techniques.
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5.
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Crop sequence -Bajra-Bajra, Bajra-Legume and Bajra-oilseed
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6.
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Integrated nutrient management in Bajra -Mustard crop sequence
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7.
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Long term effect of FYM and use of bio fertilizer with chemical fertilizer and without chemical fertilizer.
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c) Crop Protection :
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1.
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Screening of plant breeding materials against disease such as downy mildew, smut, rust, ergot and blast
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2.
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Screening for disease and pests to find out suitable integrated control measures.
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3.
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Management and control of diseases using chemicals and bio agents
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4.
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Study on the pathogen diversity of downy mildew, in pearl millet
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5.
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Study on the development and intensity of various diseases such as tikka, rust, downy mildew, ergot, and powdery mildew of groundnut, pearl millet, and mustard for monitoring and forecasting
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6.
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Effect of chemicals (insecticides and fungicides) on mycoflora of pearl millet and mung bean
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7.
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Use of insecticides and screening of promising bajra entries against major insect -pests along with development of shoot fly resistant bajra line are under way.
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8.
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Work is also in progress to determine ETL of bajra shoot fly
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9.
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Studies on population dynamics of gallfly and leaf roller of sesamum, control of gallfly of sesamum and thrips of garlic crop with insecticides along with seed entomology work are also going on.
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10.
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Research on seed pest and seed storage of different crops and monitoring of resistance in storage pest infesting in go down are in progress.
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Faculty Profile :
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Sr.
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Name
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Designation
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Discipline
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Qualification
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1
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Dr. K.D. Mungra
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Research Scientist (Pearl Millet) I/C
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(Pl. Breeding)
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Ph.D.
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2
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Dr. D.L. Kadvani
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Assoc Res Scientist
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(Plant Pathology)
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Ph.D.
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3
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Dr. K.K. Dhedhi
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Assoc. Res. Scientist
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(Pl. Breeding)
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Ph.D.
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4
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Dr. G.M. Parmar
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Assoc. Res. Scientist
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(Agril. Entomology)
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Ph.D.
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5
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Dr. H.M. Bhuva
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Assoc. Res. Scientist
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(Agronomy)
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Ph.D.
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6
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Dr. B.B. Ramani
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Assoc. Res. Scientist
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(Agronomy)
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Ph.D.
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7
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Smt. A.C. Detroja
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Asstt. Res. Scientist
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(Agronomy)
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M.Sc.(Agri)
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8
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Sh. J.S. Sorathiya
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Asstt. Res. Scientist
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(Pl. Breeding)
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M.Sc.(Agri)
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9
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Sh. R.P. Juneja
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Asstt. Res. Scientist
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(Agril. Entomology)
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M.Sc.(Agri)
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10
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Drs Shardha Bhat
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Asstt. Res. Scientist
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Microbiology
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Ph.D.
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11
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Sh. H.G.Vansjaliya
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Asstt. Res. Scientist
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(Agronomy)
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M.Sc.(Agri)
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12
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Dr B.V.Patodiya
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Asstt. Res. Scientist
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(Agril. Entomology)
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M.Sc.(Agri)
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13
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Dr. S.K. Parmar
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Asstt. Res. Scientist
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(Pl. Breeding)
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Ph.D.
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14
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Sh. N.N. Chaudhari
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Agriculture Officer
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M.Sc.
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15
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Sh. P.R. Patel
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Agriculture Officer
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M.Sc.
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16
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Sh. S.N. Galani
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Agriculture Officer
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M.Sc.
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17
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Sh. C.R. Sable
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Agriculture Officer
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Diploma Agri.
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18
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Sh. D.K.Patel
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Agriculture Officer
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Diploma Agri.
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Staff position (as 0n 01-07-2020):
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Sr. No.
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Name of the post
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Sectioned
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Filled
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1
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Research Scientist
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01
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00
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2
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Associate Research Scientist
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09
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06
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3
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Assistant Research Scientist
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11
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07
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4
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Agricultural Officer
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06
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05
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5
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Agricultural supervisor
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06
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02
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6
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Agricultural Assistant
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07
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04
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7
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Ministerial Staff
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07
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02
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8
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Lab Technician
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01
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01
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Total
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48
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27
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Infrastructure:
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Total area of farm
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:
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37 ha
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Farm area under cultivation
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:
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24 ha
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Area under Agricultural crops
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:
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24 ha
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Area under Farm Forestry
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:
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0.8 ha
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Area under Farm structure/buildings
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:
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8.2 ha
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Irrigated area
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18 ha
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Source of irrigation
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Bore well (No.): One
Dug well (No.) : Four
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Scheme Continue at JAU, Jamnagar:
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Sr.
No.
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Name of the scheme
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Budget Head
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Type of Scheme (Plan/
Non-Plan)
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Funding
Agency
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1
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Scheme for Strengthening Research in Millet
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12002
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Plan
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State Govt.
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2
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Scheme of Agricultural Meteorology
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12907
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Plan
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State Govt.
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3
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Project for Research in Millet
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5002
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Non-Plan
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State Govt.
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4
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National Agricultural Research Project (Pearl Millet)
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7082-B
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Non-Plan
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State Govt.
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5
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Project for Research in Oilseeds
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5008
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Non-Plan
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State Govt.
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6
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All India Coordinated Research Project on Pearl Millet
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2002
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ICAR
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ICAR(75%)
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7
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Seed Technology Research Unit
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2076-2
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ICAR
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ICAR(75%)
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8
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CRP on Biofortification
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2002-07
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ICAR
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ICAR(100%)
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9
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FLD on coarse cereals under NFSM
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2704-42
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ICAR
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ICAR(100%)
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10
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JAU revolving Fund
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9510-J-62
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University
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Revolving fund
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11
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ICAR-Research and development efforts on hybrids in selected crops : Pearl Millet
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2076-5
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ICAR Revolving
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Revolving fund
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12
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Harvest Plus Project
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18005-10
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ICRISAT
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ICRISAT(100%)
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13
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Equipping and Strengthening of Designated DUS center of Castor
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2002-5
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GOI
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GOI(100%) transferred at Junagadh on July-2020
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14
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Testing Charges for Millet
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18005-09
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Other Agency
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Other Agency
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Hybrids / Varieties Released during last ten years :
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Sr. No.
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Hybrids/
Variety
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Pedigree
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Year of release
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Condition
of recomme-ndation
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Area of adoption
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Maturity duration and salient features
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1
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GHB-526
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ICMA-95222
X
J-2372
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2002
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Summer-Pre-rabi
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Across the country for summer cultivation
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75-80 days, medium tall, good tillering, narrow leaves with greenish white mid rib, compact conical ear heads, obovate gray brown grains.
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2
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GHB-558
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ICMA-94555
X
J-2290
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2002
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Kharif
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Across the country for kharif cultivation
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75-80 days, medium tall, good tillering, broad leaves, long thick compact conical ear heads, obovate dark gray bold grains.
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3
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GHB-577
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JMSA-101
X
J-2405
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2003
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Kharif
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For Zone ‘A’ of the country
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70-75 days, tall, good tillering, medium thick stem with basal pigmentation, semi compact cylindrical ear heads, globular grains.
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4
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GHB-558
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ICMA-94555
X
J-2290
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2003
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Summer
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Across the country for summer cultivation
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75-80 days, medium tall, good tillering, broad leaves, long thick compact conical ear heads, obovate dark gray bold grains.
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5
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GHB-538
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95444A
X
J -2340
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2004
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Kharif
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For Zone 'A1' of the country
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65-70 days, medium tall, good tillering, drought resistant, compact cylindrical ear heads, globular light brownish gray grains.
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6
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GHB-719
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95222A
X
J -2454
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2006
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Kharif
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For Zone 'A1' of the country
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70-74 days, medium tall, good tillering, drought resistant, compact cylindrical with bristle ear heads, globular light brownish gray grains.
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7
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GHB-757
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ICMA 92777
X
J-2467
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2007
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Kharif
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For Zone 'A1'
of the country
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Early maturing, drought resistant Nodal pigmentation is Present, head shape is cylindrical with purple anther color violet panicle tip, synchronous tillering, appealing ear head, medium bold grain size and attractive seed color .
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8
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GHB-744
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ICMA 98444
X
J-2340
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2007
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Kharif
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For Zone 'A'
of the country
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Medium thick stem with basal pigmentation, anther color yellow, cylindrical head shape, compact, bristle absent, grey brownish grain color with globular grain shape
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9
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GHB-732
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ICMA 96222
X
J-2340
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2007
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Kharif
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For Zone 'A'
of the country
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Medium thick stem with basal pigmentation, anther color purple, lancelet head shape, compact, bristle absent, grey brownish grain color with globular grain shape
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10
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GHB-905
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ICMA
04999
X
J-2454
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2012
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Kharif
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For ‘A’ zone of the country
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75-80 days, medium tall, good tillering, drought resistant, compact, medium long with bristled ear head, medium grain size with attractive color.
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Awards / Significant Achievement of the Faculty :
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1. First popular hybrid HB-3 was released from the Jamnagar center in 1968. Which resulted in quantum jump in pearl millet productivity of the country?
2. The center has recently released six pearl millet hybrids Viz., GHb-526, GHb-558, GHB-577, GHB-538, GHB-719, GHB-744, GHB-732 and GHB-757 at national level for cultivation in various seasons and agro ecological situations of the country. Total 1 hybrids have been released from J.A.U., Jamnagar
3. Dr. H.R. Dave and Co-workers were awarded Sardar Patel award in 1997 for the development and release of first summer pearl millet hybrid GHB-183.
4. Chaudhari Devilal out standing All-India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) Award for the year 2003 was awarded to pearl millet in which J.A.U., Jamnagar has made significant and major contribution and received the certificate from Project Coordinator(pearl millet).
5. The Jamnagar center has received the award of the best All India Coordinated Pearl Millet Research Center from Society for Millet Research and AICPMIP on 2nd May, 2005.
6. Seed multiplication and parental breeder seed production of pearl millet was successfully carried out as per the state and national indents.
7. Center has recently developed eight new elite CMS lines and more than 100 restorer lines. Huge and diverse elite pearl millet breeding material after the development of new CMS lines/restorer lines is on hand for future breeding programme.
8. The research paper presented by Dr. C.J. Dangaria and co-workers at National Symposium on alternative use of millets in India held at Bikaner on 30th April, 2005 was judged as a best paper.
9. Dr. A.K. Joshi and Co-workers also received the best poster paper award during national seminar on stress management in arid and semi arid ecosystems for productivity enhancement in Agriculture on sustainable basis held at Sardar Krishinagar held during 11-13 April, 2005.
10. Dr. C.J. Dangaria, Research Scientist (Pearl Millet) was awarded best scientist award by Indian Society of Millet Research on 10th April, 2006 for significant contribution in pearl millet improvement by the Jamnagar center.
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Publications :
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Research Papers Published in International Journals : 45
Research Papers Published in National Journals : 90
Research Papers Published in Seminar/Symposia/Conference : 80
Technical Bulletins / Booklets : 10
Popular Articles Published for Farming Community : 98
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Transfer of Technologies / Extension Activities :
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Apart from the regular training programme on kharif and summer bajra crop production, the trainings are also organized for various levels including farmers and field staff SSC, SSCA and STL with special reference to ODV and other seed technological aspects.
The scientist of the center are actively taking part in Krishi Mahotsav in Gujarat.
Recently this center has released GHB-558, GHB- 526, GHB-538, GHB-719, GHB-732, and GHB-744 for kharif and summer season at national and state level. Due its high yielding potentiality good fodder quality it has become popular among the farmer. More over these hybrids become more popular due to large number of FLDs through out the state.
Center is providing training and guidance on various agricultural technologies to extension workers and farmers. Front line demonstration and field days on various crops of the district. Scientist of the center are attending the meetings organized by line departments like Department of Agriculture, Panchayats, DRDA, GSFC, GNFC and various bank's to provide the information on recent production technologies. Taking active part in agricultural fairs in the state to provide information on recent pearl millet production technologies.
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Farmer's / Scientific Recommendations : (After 2013)
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SEED TECHNOLOGY:
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For scientific community a recommendation was proposed to avoid production losses in bunch groundnut due to pod germination in field under late and excess rainfall conditions during kharif at maturity time. The fresh seed dormancy was studied in nine high yielding bunch groundnut varieties and it was recommended to grow groundnut varieties TG-26, TPG-41 and GG-6 possessing higher degree of seed dormancy (2013).
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Castor hybrid seed production growing farmers/ seed producers are advised to take castor hybrid seed production programme in Surendranagar district of Gujarat as alternative (new) areas where profitable seed production can be taken up. The new area identified based on favourable climatic condition, higher seed yield and better benefit : cost ratio. (2015).
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Cluster bean (Guar) growing farmers are recommended to produce higher seed yield per hectare in kharif season, the crop should be sown in first fortnight of July in a spacing of 30 x 10 cm (2015)
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Emamectin benzoate 5SG @ 2 ppm a.i. (40.0 mg/kg seed) or Spinosad 45 SC @ 2 ppm a.i. (4.4 mg/kg seed) or deltamethrin 2.8 EC @ 1.0 ppm a.i. (0.04ml /kg seed) treated seeds (at 10% moisture content) stored in moisture impervious bags provide safer storage up to 6-9 months in coastal region. This technology may be adopted (2015).
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AGRONOMY:
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1. The farmers of North Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing summer hybrid pearl millet are recommended to sow the crop during Second fortnight of February (30 0C Av. Max. Temp.) to obtain higher yield and net realization
2. The farmers of North Saurashtra agro-climatic zone-VI adopting pearl millet (kharif) – gram (rabi) cropping sequence and interested in organic farming are advised to apply FYM @ 7.5 t/ha every year to only pearl millet for securing higher net realization and maintainingsoil fertility. (2015)
3. The farmers of North Saurashtra Agro climatic Zone-VI growing hybrid pearl millet during kharif season are advised to apply 25% more nitrogen over recommended dose i.e. 100 kg N/ha and 30 kg phosphorus per hectare for getting maximum yield of pearl millet and net return.(2015)
4. The farmers of North Saurashtra agro-climatic zone-VI growing hybrid pearl millet during kharif are recommended to apply ZnSO4 @ 20 kg/ha along with recommended chemical fertilizers (80:40:00 kg NPK/ha) and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) @ 5 t/ha for getting higher grain yield and net return as well as for improvement of quality (Protein, Zn and Fe content) of grain of pearl millet.(2015)
5. Under North Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone, effective post emergence weed control in kharif pearl millet can be achieved by application of postemergence atrazine @ 0.4 kg/ha at two leaf stage of weed followed by one hand weeding at 35 days after sowing and was also as effective as pre emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha followed by one hand weeding at 35 days after sowing. (2016).
6. Based on heat unit concept, the farmers of North Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing hybrid pearl millet during semi rabi season are recommended to sow the pearl millet early maturing variety GHB 538 (HUE: 1.489 kg/ha 0C days) during first week of October (HUE: 1.919 kg/ha 0C days) to obtain higher yield and net realization (2017)
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AGRIL. ENTOMOLOGY:
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Farmers of North Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing kharif pearl millet are advised to treat the seeds with thiamethoxam 35 FS @ 9.0 ml/kg (3.15 g a.i./kg) or imidacloprid 600 FS @ 8.75 ml/kg (5.25 g a.i./kg) seed at the time of sowing followed by spray of either profenophos 40% + cypermethrin 4.0%, 44 EC 0.044% (10 ml/10 litre water; 220 g a.i./ha) or cartap hydrochloride 50 SP 0.05% (10 g/ 10 litre water; 250 g a.i./ha) or thiodicarb 75 WP 0.015% (2 g/10 litre water; 75 g a.i./ha) at 30 days after germination of the crop for the effective management of shoot fly and stem borer. The PHI for these insecticides is 61 days ( 2014)
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Farmers of North Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing kharif pearl millet are advised to treat the seeds with imidacloprid 600 FS, 8.75 ml/kg seeds, 4.20 g a.i./kg seeds at the time of sowing followed by spray with imidacloprid 17.8 SL, 0.009 % (5.0 ml/10 liter water, 45.39 g a.i./ha) at 35 days after germination of the crop for effective management of shoot fly and stem borer. The PHI for these insecticides is 42 days.(2015)
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For scientific community a recommendation was proposed to seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 8.75 ml/kg, 4.20 g a.i./kg at the time of sowing followed by spray with spinosad 45 SC, 0.009 % @ 2.0 ml/10 litre at 35 days after germination of the crop found effective for the management of shoot fly and stem borer. The PHI for these insecticides is 42 days. (2015)
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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY:
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Efficiency of foliar spray of growth regulating substances for enhancing seed yield of pearl millet under rainfed condition (2017)
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The farmers of North Saurashtra Agro-climatic Zone growing kharif pearl millet are advised for foliar application of potassium chloride 1.5% (7.5 kg ha-1 in 500 litre water) at 30-35 and 50-55 DAS for higher vegetative growth, seed yield and net return.
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ખેડૂત ઉપયોગી/વૈજ્ઞાનિક માટે ભલામણ:
અ) બીજ તકનીકી સંશોધન:
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વૈજ્ઞાનિક સમુદાયને ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે કે ખરીફ ઋતુમાં ઉભડી મગફળી પાકવાના સમયે મોડા અને વઘુ પડતાં વરસાદને કારણે ખેતરમાં ડોડવામાં દાણા ઉગી જવાથી ઉત્પાદનમાં થતો ઘટાડો ઓછો કરવા માટે, ઉભડી મગફળીની વઘુ ઉત્પાદન આપતી નવ જાતોનાં તાજા બીજમાં સુષુપ્તતા (ડોરમન્સી)ની ચકાસણી ખરીફ ઋતુમાં કરવામાં આવેલ અને તેના પરથી જાણવા મળેલ છે કે મગફળીની ટી.જી.-૨૬, ટીપીજી-૪૧ અને જીજી-૬ જાતો વઘુ પ્રમાણમાં સુષુપ્તતા (ડોરમન્સી) ઘરાવતી હોવાથી તેનું વાવેતર કરવાની ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે. (૨૦૧૩)
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સંકર દિવેલા બીજ ઉત્પાદન કાર્યક્રમ લેતાં ખેડૂતો/ બીજ ઉત્પાદકોને સલાહ આપવામાં આવે છે કે ગુજરાતમાં સંકર દિવેલા બીજ ઉત્પાદનનો કાર્યક્રમ નવા વિસ્તાર તરીકે સુરેન્દ્રનગર જીલ્લામાં લેવામાં આવે તો ફાયદાકારક બીજ ઉત્પાદન લઇ શકાય છે. સારૂ વાતાવરણ, વઘુ બીજ ઉત્પાદન અને હેકટરે વઘુ આવક મળવાથી સુરેન્દ્રનગર જીલ્લાને સંકર દિવેલા બીજ ઉત્પાદનના નવા વિસ્તાર તરીકે ઓળખવામાં આવેલ છે. (૨૦૧૪)
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ગુવારનું વાવેતર કરતા ખેડૂતોને ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે કે ચોમાસામાં ગુવારનું વાવેતર ૩૦ xx ૧૦ સે.મી.ના અંતરે, જુલાઇ મહીનાના પ્રથમ પખવાડિયામાં કરવાથી વઘુ ઉત્પાદન મેળવી શકાય છે. (૨૦૧૫)
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દરીયાઇ કાંઠાવાળા વિસ્તારોમાં બીજને એમામેક્ટીન બેંજોએટ (૪૦ મીલીગ્રામ/ કિ.ગ્રા.બીજ) અથવા સ્પિનોસેડ (૪.૪ મી.લી/કિ.ગ્રા.બીજ) અથવા ડેલ્ટામેથ્રીન ((૦.૦૪ મી.લી/કિ.ગ્રા.બીજ) નો પટ આપી ભેજપ્રૂફ બેગમાં સંગ્રહ કરવાથી જીવાત સામે ૬ થી ૯ મહીના સુધી સુરક્ષીત સંગ્રહ કરી શકાય છે.(૨૦૧૫)
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બ) સસ્ય વિજ્ઞાન:
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ઉત્તર સૌરાષ્ટ્ર ખેત અબોહાવાકીય વિસ્તારમાં ઉનાળું સંકર બાજરી ઉગાડતા ખેડૂતોને મહત્તમ ઉત્પાદન તેમજ નફો મેળવવા બાજરાના પાકને ફેબ્રુઆરી મહિનાના બીજા પખવાડિયામાં (૩૦૦સે. મહતમ તા૫માન) વાવેતર કરવાની ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે. (૨૦૧૪)
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ઉત્તર સૌરાષ્ટ્ર ખેત આબોહવાકીય વિભાગા-૬ના બાજરી (ખરિફ)-ચણા (રવી) પાક પધ્ધતિ અપનાવતા અને સેન્દ્રીય ખેતીમાં રસ ધરાવતા ખેડૂતોને વધુ નફો મેળવવા તેમજ જમીનની ફળદ્રુપતા જાળવવા દર વર્ષે બાજરાના પાકમાં ૭.૫ ટન/હેક્ટર પ્રમાણે છાણિયું ખાતર આપવાની ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે. (૨૦૧૫)
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ઉત્તર સૌરાષ્ટ્ર ખેત આબોહવાકીય વિભાગા-૬ના ચોમાસુ ઋતુમા સંકર બાજરી ઉગાડતા ખેડૂતોને વધુ ઉતપાદન અને ચોખ્ખુ વળતર મેળવવા માટે ભલામણ કરેલ નાઇટ્રોજન થી ૨૫% વધુ નાઇટ્રોજન (૧૦૦ કિ.ગ્રા./ હે.) અને ૩૦ કિ. ગ્રા. ફોસ્ફરસ પ્રતિ હેકટરે આપવાની ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે. (૨૦૧૫)
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ઉત્તર સૌરાષ્ટ્ર ખેત આબોહવાકીય વિભાગા-૬ના ચોમાસુ ઋતુમા સંકર બાજરી ઉગાડતા ખેડૂતોને ભલામણ કરવામા આવે છે કે બાજરીનુ મહ્ત્તમ ઉત્પાદન , ચોખ્ખુ વળતર અને દાણાની ગુણવતા (પ્રોટીન, જસત અને લોહ) સુધારવા માટે ભલામણ કરેલ રાસાયણિક ખાતર (૮૦;૪૦:૦૦ ના. ફો. પો. કિ.ગ્ર./હે.) અને પાંચ ટન /હેકટર છણિયા ખાતર સાથે જીંક સલ્ફેટ (૨૦ કિ.ગ્ર./હે.) આપવાની ભલામણ છે. (૨૦૧૫)
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ઉત્તર સૌરાષ્ટ્ર ખેત આબોહવાકીય વિસ્તારમાં ચોમાસુ બાજરામાં પાક ઉગ્યા બાદ અસરકારક નીંદણ નિયંત્રણ માટે એટ્રાઝીન ૦.૪ કિ.ગ્રા.પ્રતિ હેક્ટરે નીંદણ બે પાંદડે થાય ત્યારે છંટકાવ કરવો તથા વાવણી બાદ ૩૫ દિવસે એક હાથ નિંદામણ કરવું, જે એટ્રાઝીન ૦.૫ કિ.ગ્રા.પ્રતિ હેક્ટરે વાવણી બાદ પરંતુ પાક અને નીંદણ ઉગ્યા પહેલા છંટકાવ તથા વાવણી બાદ ૩૫ દિવસે એક હાથ નિંદામણ કરવા જેટલુ જ અસરકારક છે. (૨૦૧૬)
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ઉષ્ણતા એકમ વિભાવના અનુસાર, ઉત્તર સૌરાષ્ટ્ર ખેત આબોહવાકિય વિસ્તારમાં અર્ધશિયાળૂ ઋતુમાં સંકર બાજરાનું વાવેતર કરતાં ખેડૂતોને મહત્તમ ઉત્પાદન અને નફો મેળવવા બાજરાની વહેલી પાકતી જાત જી.એચ.બી. ૫૩૮ (ઉષ્ણતા એકમ કાર્યક્ષમતા:૧.૪૮૯ કિ.ગ્રા./હે ૦સે.દિવસ) નું વાવેતર ઓકટોબર મહિનાના પ્રથમ અઠવાડિયામાં (ઉષ્ણતા એકમ કાર્યક્ષમતા:૧.૯૧૯ કિ.ગ્રા./હે ૦સે.દિવસ) કરવાની ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે. (૨૦૧૭)
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ક) કીટકશાસ્ત્ર:
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ઉત્તર સૌરાષ્ટ્ર ખેત આબોહવાકીય વિસ્તારનાં ચોમાસુ બાજરી ઉગાડતા ખેડુતોને ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે કે, સાંઠાની માખી તેમજ ગાભમારાની ઈયળના અસરકારક નિયંત્રણ માટે બાજરાના બીજને વાવેતર વખતે થાયોમિથોકઝામ ૩૫ અફ.એસ.(૯.૦ મિલી/કિ.ગ્રા. બીજ; ૩.૧૫ ગ્રામ સ.ત. / કિ.ગ્રા. બીજ) અથવા ઈમિડાક્લોપ્રિડ ૬૦૦ અફ.એસ.(૮.૭૫ મિલી/કિ.ગ્રા. બીજ; ૫.૨૫ ગ્રામ સ.ત. / કિ.ગ્રા. બીજ) નો પટ આપ્યા બાદ પાકના ઉગાવા પછી ૩૦ દિવસે પ્રોફેનોફોસ ૪૦% + સાયપરમેથ્રિન ૪% ૪૪ ઈસી ૦.૦૪૪% (૧૦ મિલી/૧૦ લિટર પાણી; ૨૨૦ ગ્રામ સ.ત. /હેકટર) અથવા કારટેપ હાઈડ્રોક્લોરિઈડ ૫૦ એસ પી ૦.૦૫ % (૧૦ ગ્રામ/૧૦ લિટર પાણી; ૨૫૦ ગ્રામ સ.ત. /હેકટર ) અથવા થાયોડીકાર્બ ૭૫ ડ્બ્લયુ પી ૦.૧૫% (૨ ગ્રામ/૧૦ લિટર પાણી; ૭૫ ગ્રામ સ.ત. /હેકટર) નો છંટકાવ કરવો. આ દવાઓના છેલ્લા છંટકાવ અને કાપણી વચ્ચે ૬૧ દિવસનો સમય ગાળો જાળવવો.(૨૦૧૪)
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ઉત્તર સૌરાષ્ટ્ર ખેત આબોહવાકીય વિસ્તારનાં ચોમાસુ બાજરી ઉગાડતા ખેડુતોને ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે કે, સાંઠાની માખી તેમજ ગાભમારાની ઈયળના અસરકારક નિયંત્રણ માટે બાજરીના બીજને વાવેતર વખતે ઈમિડાક્લોપ્રિડ ૬૦૦ એફ.એસ., ૮.૭૫ મિલી/કિ.ગ્રા. બીજ (૪.૨૦ ગ્રામ સ.ત. / કિ.ગ્રા.) નો પટ આપવો તેમજ પાકના ઉગાવા બાદ ૩૫ દિવસે ઈમીડાક્લોપ્રીડ ૧૭.૮ એસ.એલ. ૦.૦૦૯% (૫.૦ મિલી/૧૦ લિટર પાણી; ૪૫.૩૯ ગ્રામ સ.ત. /હેકટર) નો છંટકાવ કરવો. આ દવાઓના છેલ્લા છંટકાવ અને કાપણી વચ્ચે ૪૨ દિવસનો સમય ગાળો જાળવવો. (૨૦૧૫)
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વૈજ્ઞાનિક સમુદાયને ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે કે સાંઠાની માખી તેમજ ગાભમારાની ઈયળના અસરકારક નિયંત્રણ માટે બાજરીના બીજને વાવેતર વખતે ઈમિડાક્લોપ્રિડ ૬૦૦ એફ.એસ., ૮.૭૫ મિલી/કિ.ગ્રા. બીજ (૪.૨૦ ગ્રામ સ.ત. / કિ.ગ્રા.) નો પટ આપવો તેમજ પાકના ઉગાવા બાદ ૩૫ દિવસે સ્પીનોસાડ ૪૫ એસ. સી., ૦.૦૦૯%(૨.૦ મિલિ/૧૦ લીટર પાણી) નો છંટકાવ કરવો. આ દવાઓના છેલ્લા છંટકાવ અને કાપણી વચ્ચે ૪૨ દિવસનો સમય ગાળો જાળવવો (૨૦૧૫)
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ડ) પ્લાન્ટ ફિજીયોલોજી:
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ઉત્તર સૌરાષ્ટ્ર ખેત આબોહવાકીય વિસ્તારના ચોમાસું બાજરી ઉગાડતા ખેડૂતોને સારી વાનસ્પતિક વૃદ્ધિ, વધુ ઉત્પાદન અને ચોખી આવક મેળવવા માટે વાવણી બાદ ૩૦-૩૫ અને ૫૦-૫૫ દિવસે પોટેશિયમ ક્લોરાઈડ ૧.૫ ટકા નાં દરે (૭.૫ કી.ગ્રા./હે. ૫૦૦ લીટર પાણીમાં ઓગાળી ને) છંટકાવ કરવાની ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે. (૨૦૧૭)
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Contact:
Dr. K. D. Mungra
Research Scientist (Pearl Millet)
Pearl Millet Research Station
Junagadh Agricultural University, Air Force-1 Road,
Jamnagar -361 006(Gujarat) India
Telephone No. : Office 0288-2711793
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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